Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns, while adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. “Beautiful” is an adjective that tells us something about Melanie's appearance. “Quickly” is an adverb that tells us how fast Bill ran home. Adverbs are usually made by adding “ ly” to an adjective:
Adjective
Adverb
quick
quickly
serious
seriously
slow
slowly
bad
badly
There is one adjective with an irregular adverb:
good
well
And several adjectives are the same as their adverbs:
In the objective case (the object of the verb) the pronouns are quite different:
First person
me
Second person
you
Third person
him/her
When forming possessives, the differences are similarly dramatic:
First person
my
Second person
your
Third person
his/her
The general rule for forming possessives from nouns is to add “'s” to the end of the word. Among pronouns, this rule only applies to “it.” However, the contraction of a noun and “is” is formed by the same rule. To avoid confusion (though the result can be just as confusing), the apostrophe ( ' ) is removed from the possessive of “it.”
Possessive
“it”
its
Contraction
“it is”
it's
The second person possessive pronoun “your” presents a similar problem. The contraction of “you” + “are” is “you're,” according to the general rule. The possessive form of “you” is “your,” which is spelled almost the same and is pronounced exactly the same in most dialects. This causes a good deal of confusion even for native English speakers:
Possessive
“you”
your
Contraction
“you are”
you're
The pronoun “they” also has several homonyms (words that sound the same but are spelled differently and have different meanings):
3.1. Negative statements We form negative statements with not or n’t after be, modal and auxiliary verbs. n’t is the contracted form of not. In informal language we can add n’t, without a space, to be, to modal verbs (except may) and to auxiliary verbs (do and have).The negative contracted form of will is won’t. The uncontracted form of can + not is cannot.
Jan isn’t coming. She’s not feeling very well.
She might not be joking. It could be true.
They don’t go to school on Wednesday afternoons.
Living in a small flat does not make it easy to have pets.
I hadn’t decided whether to take the train or go in the car.
They can’t be hungry again. They’ve only just eaten.
We use not or n’t to form negative questions. When there is no modal verb or be, we use auxiliary verb do + n’t(don’t, do not, doesn’t, does not, didn’t):
Why didn’t you ask Linda?
What don’t you understand?
Won’t we able to see the film?
Isn’t that Mike’s brother?
Exercises:
4. Les questions à développement au simple present (Information questions in the simple present)
Pour la plupart des questions à développement, la structure de la question courte est conservée. Un question word est tout simplement ajouté avant l'auxiliaire do (ou does).
QUESTION WORD
AUXILIAIRE DO
SUJET
VERBE
EXEMPLE
RÉPONSE
Why
Do
I
Play
Why do I play soccer every weekend? - Pourquoi je joue au soccer à toutes les fins de semaine?
I play soccer every weekend because I like it. - Je joue au soccer toutes les fins de semaine parce que j'aime ça.
When
You
When do you play video games? - Quand joues-tu aux jeux vidéo?
I play video games on weekends. - Je joues aux jeux vidéo les fins de semaine.
Where
Does
He
Where does he play basketball? - Où joue-t-il au basketball?
He plays basketball at school. - Il joue au basketball à l'école.
When
Does
She
When does she play hockey? - Quand joue-t-elle au hockey?
She plays hockey every Tuesday and Wednesday. - Elle joue au hockey tout les mardis et mercredis.
How
Does
It
How does it play music? - Comment ça joue de la musique?
It plays music by reading the CD. - Ça joue de la musique en lisant le CD.
Why
Do
We
Why do we play volleyball together? - Pourquoi jouons-nous au volleyball ensemble?
We play volleyball together because we enjoy each other's company. - Nous jouons au volleyball ensemble parce que nous nous apprécions.
Where
You
Where do you play the piano? - Où jouez-vous du piano?
We play the piano at church. - Nous jouons du piano à l'église.
Why
They
Why do they play Cribbage with their grandmother? - Pourquoi jouent-ils au Crib avec leur grand-mère?
They play Cribbage with their grandmother because they love her. - Ils jouent au Crib avec leur grand-mère parce qu'ils l'aiment.
La forme des questions montrée ci-haut est celle de questions objet. Celle-ci utilise un auxiliaire. Pour créer une question dont la réponse est un sujet, aucun auxiliaire est utilisé. Exemple 1.Who plays volleyball? We play volleyball. - Qui joue au volleyball? Nous jouons au volleyball. Exemple 2.What plays music? The CD player plays music. - Qu'est-ce que joue de la musique? Le lecteur CD joue de la musique.
1. Adjectives and adverb:
See Reveso: http://grammar.reverso.net/B_1_function_of_adjectives_and_adverbs.shtmlAdjectives modify nouns and pronouns, while adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. “Beautiful” is an adjective that tells us something about Melanie's appearance. “Quickly” is an adverb that tells us how fast Bill ran home. Adverbs are usually made by adding “ ly” to an adjective:
Adjective
Adverb
quick
quickly
serious
seriously
slow
slowly
bad
badly
There is one adjective with an irregular adverb:
good
well
And several adjectives are the same as their adverbs:
fast
fast
early
early
late
late
Exercises:
2. Pronouns, possessives and contractions http://grammar.reverso.net/L_pronouns_possessives_and_contractions.shtml
First person
I
Second person
you
Third person
he/she
In the objective case (the object of the verb) the pronouns are quite different:
First person
me
Second person
you
Third person
him/her
When forming possessives, the differences are similarly dramatic:
First person
my
Second person
your
Third person
his/her
The general rule for forming possessives from nouns is to add “'s” to the end of the word. Among pronouns, this rule only applies to “it.” However, the contraction of a noun and “is” is formed by the same rule. To avoid confusion (though the result can be just as confusing), the apostrophe ( ' ) is removed from the possessive of “it.”
Exercises: Read http://www.alloprof.qc.ca/BV/Pages/a0103.aspx#a23. Negationhttp://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/negation?q=Negation
3.1. Negative statementsWe form negative statements with not or n’t after be, modal and auxiliary verbs.
n’t is the contracted form of not.
In informal language we can add n’t, without a space, to be, to modal verbs (except may) and to auxiliary
verbs (do and have).The negative contracted form of will is won’t. The uncontracted form of can + not is cannot.
Exercises:3.1. Negative questions
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/negation?q=Negation
We use not or n’t to form negative questions. When there is no modal verb or be, we use auxiliary verb do + n’t(don’t, do not, doesn’t, does not, didn’t):- Why didn’t you ask Linda?
- What don’t you understand?
- Won’t we able to see the film?
- Isn’t that Mike’s brother?
Exercises:4. Les questions à développement au simple present (Information questions in the simple present)
Pour la plupart des questions à développement, la structure de la question courte est conservée. Un question word est tout simplement ajouté avant l'auxiliaire do (ou does).